miércoles, 26 de marzo de 2008

Sharing a Private Dream (Conferencia para Computer Art Congress 2008)


Some day we will reach to the final fantasy, the interchange of private dreams. [1]
Max Gubern

According to Gabriel García Márquez the short story seems to be the natural choice to narrate the adventures of a hero, living as an ordinary man or woman, everyday, even the most simple kid returns home with an anecdote that talks about: how does a super parent confronts the terrible beast embodied in his boss; a wicked teacher who attempted to fail a heroic second grader or an eighteenth year old princess who tells the romantic story of two knights that fought at lunch time just to sit beside her. García Marquez speculates towards this invention: “probably the short story was created by the first caveman that went hunting and got lost till the day after so he used as an excuse a mortal combat towards a hungry beast. Instead the Nobel prize writer said, the wife of this caveman wrote the first novel when she found out that his heroism was just another fiction or joke.
The first experience of immersion is given when a child is capable to create through game a world of his own. All this, apparently unconnected ideas just to point out that video games are just a new way to tell the same old story. A more resourceful way that is not endangering the old ones, it is just a new alternative for ancient dreams. If we try to emulate Theseus and try to find the beginning of the labyrinth by following a thread we would find the origin in García Márquez Story and follow it through the adventure novel.
The fundamental unsolved contest between goodness and badness has been present since the Greek tragedy and Campbell’s The Hero with a Thousand Faces who is behind this quest from Christ and Buddha through Anakin Skywalker and Harry Potter. The great novelty in video games is that the reader does not just follow the hero, he becomes the hero himself, and he relays on his own decisions as he also has to accept the triumph or stand for his loses. Nowadays video game is one of the most profitable and popular entertainment. As fairy tales were strong discourses that molded some of our values, how does video games are dealing with gender and new sources of role models that shape world notions?
As we grew up we noticed our bodies and the transformation from a little kid to an adolescent is unforgettable. We look in the mirror amazed of our changes as the emperor is noticed naked by his people in the story “The new cloths of the emperor” by the Grimm brothers. We became conscious of ourselves, our solitude and individuality. That’s, maybe, the first task where the hero, who lives inside us, has to confront. But we should always be aware that the story is just about to begin.
Those who doubt about the great influence that fiction has during youth development, will be guilty of the same blind mistake of Oedipus the king who ignored the visionary truth of his own destiny, predicted by the Oracle. In a femenine perspective the mistake nowadays is to fit by force the suit of the hero on women, like Drizela and Anastasia, trying to fit Cinderella’s shoe. What kind of feminine role models are video games developing? Or what future dreams are we constructing? Virtual reality is not a new world it is just the great extension of all the chambers that our mind and our reality are capable to construct.
Through Rohal Dahl´s work Matilda I wish to explore and invite you to construct the feminine side of a heroine, the choice to win a battle with the power of the mind and the books as advisors. The body of a girl instead of someone like Lara Croft, a sexy shape that hides the same hero role built for a masculine expectation. I will compare his quest with the traditional path pointed by Joseph Campbel in The Hero with a Thousand Faces and Vladimir Propp's Morphology of the Folk Tale.
New ways to tell the same old story
Nowadays the story has emerged to a new platform. Virtual reality furthermore, its more successful and collective experiment: Second life which is new way to give voice to the ancient expression “Once upon a time”.
Trying to establish the difference between what we call reality and virtual reality, I would like to proceed as a Google earth viewer, from a panoramic vision to the nearest zoom that I can reach. Metaphysically speaking to discuse reality is to talk about every entity that has an existence and can be perceived by other entities. Any dream, even a delirium, has a way of life since a sensible mind is able to think about them. When we talk about a character such as Mr. Hyde we cannot doubt he has an identity in the mind of all Stevenson´s readers or most of occidentals, at least, a vicar existence, a mental representation. That doesn´t mean it has the same existance as Mr. Bush or Mr. Calderón, fortunately Hydes´ acts doesn’t have nearby consequences.
Fictional characters use words or pixels as their atoms, they are alternatives to the world we inhabit. But they need the imaginary software of a reader or spectator to come to life, without that, they would dissolve the same way as millions of books, films or plays have been erased of our collective memory.
New technologies have the virtue to fuse many codes and the risk to fall in iconic confusion, they also have the speed and interactivity that conventional art can’t reach. While conventional art expect to cause an esthetic experience not easy to measure, the interaction of new technologies can be quantified.
It is not accidental that Second Life had emerged from the literary field, Snow Crash, the novel written by Neal Stephenson en 1992, is already a noun that defines 3D spaces where humans interact socially and economically as avatars through a metaphoric world.
According to psychologists, in virtual spaces we have the possibility to integrate those aspects of the life that in fact appear dislocated. It is literary a second chance to explore experiences where we feel ignored or excluded. From this point of view critics emphasize the possibilities of virtuality to replace physical and economical limitations of a regular man, a role that literature has played for centuries. We have to be careful therefore, about values that emerge from our materialistic era, if the chimera is an avatar with perfect looks and surrounded by beautiful but immaterial things that pretend to be genuine, it is because men have come to measure their success in these terms in our old reality.com world.

Matilda
It is the story of a smart girl; who could read fluently when she was a year and a half old and read classic literature at four. But she has a problem her parents are despicable.
Her father is a dishonest businessman that can represent the icon of materialism. The mother is what we can call a woman object, a hedonistic that is concentrated in her appearance; she escapes her empty life by watching TV or playing bingo; they don´t care about their little daughter’s welfare. This is an abnormality for traditional children stories where, if wickedness appears at home, it´s always incarnated on a stepmother. There are many differences between Matilda and regular stories: it´s not the adventure of a hero but a heroine;she is a girl that is not a princess and doesn’t pretend to be so; her appearance is not important for the purpose of the story; the adventure of leaving home takes her to school (where she needs to get adapted) instead of a far away land; the enemy is at her town, so she doesn’t need to go and find it in another kingdom.
Campbell considers that the hero needs a call for adventure, Matilda has followed it by reading literature, it is a journey that one can follow without leaving home. Matilda´s parents enjoy watching TV and can´t understand the girl´s peculiar affinity with books. The traditional call to adventure is transgress in Matilda´s story, it doesn´t depend on physical action but on the intellectual one, that can be easily confused with passivity because it only involves sight movement and a great deal of neuronal activity, not so simple to verify in appearance. The French philosopher and poet Gaston Bachelard takes Jung’s dichotomy of the spirit anima / animus that opposes the characteristics of human soul into masculine or feminine distinctiveness and in his On Poetic Imagination and Reverie, he establishes that the creative process and imagination are eminently part of the feminine side, the anima.
Rohald Dahl said that the key for children writers’ success is to conspire with kids against adults. Parents and teachers are the enemy due to the hard civilization process that is enforced upon children. This statement expresses, at first, a traditional duality ordinary in the adventure novel between primordial goodness and wickedness, characterized to show the world in terms of opponents: feminine/masculine; native/foreigner; reason/feelings, etc. And even though his opposition between adults/children obey this principle, in his tales not all children are good nor are all adults evil. The opposition takes place between repression and dogmatism against freedom of choice and a new respect for children rights. The character of Miss Honey is a good example where Matilda can find love and protection.
In Dahl´s universe humor and ridicule act as forces that reestablishes harmony, the child always wins to the almighty adult and exposes and ridicules the immoral and hypocrite grown-up.
In Matilda´s world parents and the headmistress Miss Trunchbull are authoritarian monsters:
– “I am older and you are not; I am right and you are not” – Said Miss Trunchbull to Matilda (Dahl 48).
Mrs. Wormwood is a ludopath who: “was hooked on bingo and played it five afternoons a week” (Dahl 12) leaving her young daughter all by herself. Her husband is a crooked second hand car dealer who believes it is fair to cheat in order to make money: “Nobody ever got rich being honest.” (Dahl 23)
Their impatience with Matilda is exacerbated by the fact that she disputes their parental authority, to which they respond by means of verbal agression, for example:
the mother said [...] “keep your nasty mouth shut so we can all watch this programme in peace” (Dahl 26) or:
“Be quiet!” the father snapped. “Just keep your nasty mouth shut, will you!” (Dahl 37)
Crunchem Hall is the suggestive name of Matilda’s school, where the girl meets her opponent (Miss Trunchbull) and her adjuvant (Miss Honey) in Propps´ terms, and I question this role, because Matilda is also a helper for Honey, that liberates her from her aunt Trunchbull’s tyranny. We can find in the story four feminine roles and the names are of great importance:
Agatha Trunchbull: masculine role model
Agatha is Miss Trunchbull first name comes from the Greek Αγαθη (Agathe), which means “good and virtuous”. I suppose this is an irony. His second name means that she can break a bull with her bare hands. She is cruel and violent, selfish; she likes to torture little kids. Physically she is strong and robust she is described in warlike ways, she marches as a “soldier” and approaches as a “tank”.
Matilda: animus/anima, well balanced role model
It means “the one that struggles without quest". She is precocious, subordinated but rebellious, her battlefield is intellectual and her power is developed by the force of her mind instead of a physical strength, she is feminine, sweet and empathic, she can overcome adversity by facing her opponents with braveness, she can´t stand injustice and always fights for the weak. She is described as “sensible and bright, sweet and tender” she has the right combination of masculine and feminine characteristics.
Jenny Honey: traditional virtuosity role model
Her name is the diminutive for Jane “The one given by god". Maybe she is the one that according to her virtuosity deserves to be Matilda’s mother. We can also consider Jane to be an intertextual game in honor to Jane Austen who´s Sense and Sensibility inspires Miss Honey’s character.
Her second name is explained by itself. It’s a feminine symbol, sweetness, its supply comes from flowers to sweeten baby’s milk. She is all that Matilda is looking for in opposition to his superficial mother. Miss Honey story is the typical plot for a fairy tale:
“my mother died when I was two years old. My Father a busy doctor had to find someone to help him take care of the house and me. So, he invited my mother´s single sister…when I was five my father died suddenly. So I had to live with my aunt.”(215-216 pp.)
Just the same way as in Snow White or Cinderella’s story Miss Honey´s stepmom (her aunt Miss Trunchbull) treated the girl as a servant using her authority and power for this purpose, and mistreating the girl until she diminished her personality.
Mrs. Warmwood: A frivolous and hedonist woman, almost object.
She is the stereotype of the lighthearted blonde, an irresponsible mother who does not show affection for her daughter. Her attitude rejects the girl’s intelligence and precocious conduct. She does not have scruples and she is not worried about the dishonest behavior of her husband.
Dahl displays a heroin to us Sui géneris. The protagonists of universal Literature of traditional stories are usually entangled in loving conflicts. No one has been the heroin of an epic story. A dichotomy between good women and bad women exists since ever. Matilda is one little girl who has just started elementary school and whose only passion are books. Dahl presents it like eager reader: thus the first chapter is titled "the book reader". The girl never loses neither her condition of girl nor of woman, she fights with the arms of her intellect and the own playful attitude of her age. She assumes her condition of minor and she admits the subordination as long as it is reasonable, and does not look forward to annihilate adults nor to social conventionalisms; she questions the validity of the adult authoritarianism, struggles for children respect and exhibits the weaknesses of bad adults. She explores her internal possibilities to accept herself and to find a place in the world. She only needs a little help, refuge and protection.
The first step in Campbell Monomyth is the call to adventure given by a herald. For Vladimir Propp then is when the hero leaves home or his parents die. In Matilda the hero never grows older and she invites us to understand this period of life. Her family dos not care about her and she lives in a constan abandonment. Through fiction she constructs her own values and family models, she also descovers her own talents and cappabilities. The girl is an example of how, in some point, we need to stop blaming our parents for our misfortunes in orther to find our own way. She leaves home, first of all in a literature adventure, Dahl describes it in this terms: “She sail the past with Joseph Conrad, went to Africa with Ernest Hemingway and with Rudyard Kipling to India. She traveled the whole world without moving from her room in that small English town.” (24)
Propp speaks to us of the prohibition that falls on the hero and who in Matilda pronounces itself with the attitude of the father towards the reading, first in a reprimand and soon when he destroys the book the girl is reading. But the girl does not pay attention to the father and obeying to the function of transgression of Propp she escapes daily to the library in search of new literary adventures.
The first contact that our heroin has with her opponent (fourth function of Propp) is from when she discovers the lack of love and concern from her parents. The father who is the masculine figure of greater weight in the story can be considered his adversary as representative of occident traditional values; more ahead Miss Trunchbull would represent also the antagonist as the metaphor of the ideological slant which informs such patriarchal, imperialist visions and a mistaken paradigm of feminine liberation.
To put parents as villains is taboo in the fairytale, because adults influence children's understanding of the configuration of the social order through the models set up in this discourse. The negative position of the parents in Matilda, forces us to break up with the mystification of the consanguineous bows and it sends us to consider that relations have to be built through manifestations of affection, respect, etc. The hero accepts the call, finds protective figure that offers tools and advice for the passage that follows; something as well as an amulet or a weapon, this critical moment is denominated by Campbell like the supernatural aid. In Matilda’s case Honey helps her to control and develop her telekinesis powers. Honey trays to beware adults surrounding the girl to notice the prodigy she is (working as an informant, in Props’ terms), but the Campbell´s rule is altered when noticing that both characters lend mutual aid.
The Departure like so, is the function number eleven of Propp, can be equivalent with the crossing of the first threshold of Campbell, where the hero will have to cross the familiar threshold and to arrive at another world. The Departure occurs in Matilda when she is sent to the school. Is a marginal trip that, in appearance, does not looks like the passage of the hero, but emotionally, for a child, it supposes a dramatic goodbye; it is from this point that individual conscience is developed and begins the educational and socializing processes aim, to use the terms of Paolo Freire, for the domestication (Freire 26). It is revealed that the object of desire of our heroin is to develop their intellectual capacities and to find the affection of a new family.
The whale’s belly in Campbell estimates the entrance of the hero to a new world by means of the crossing of the threshold, the hero appears again. He pretends to have died or to have fallen in a terrible disease. After leaving windy he experiences a renovation and it is prepared for the adventure. In Trunch them Hall (the school) Matilda discovers the abuses of Agatha, she stands them by containing her fury, but when she is accused unjustly, a force unties within her and begins the transformation. The difference from the conventional hero is that instead of physical strength, the girl accumulates psychic forces.
The initiation ritual of the hero is the part that Campbell and Propp dedicate to the tests, the hero must draw for them successfully because they help him prove the hero's ability and advances the journey toward its climax. Matilda shows us that injustice can be fought by standing and defending our ideas, to help the less fortunate and to fight back with intelligence and patience.
In Prop’s grammar he alludes to Villainy and lack. Trunchbull has taken Honey´s money and she abuses Trunch them Hall students. Her aunt has hidden the testament of her father where the house and all its goods have bequeathed him. This one is the difficult task that Matilda must solve.
At school Matilda discovers solidarity between the children and must help them to face the injustices of Trunchbull, as well as to help Jenny Honey to free herself of her aunt; by means of the use of her telekinetic powers she is able to prevail. Struggle between hero and villain (Propp) or Final Battle (Campbell) takes place in Dahl´s story in a different way; it is not based on a physical battle, since our heroin manages to deceive Trunchbull evildoer by means of the powers of her mind.
Matilda manages to make the chalk fly through the air and writes a message signing it as Jenny´s dead father. The note is for Trunchbull, in it, Magnus threatens to come and get her. Trunchbull leaves running terrified and disappears forever; this imply the victory of our small girl. Dispossess from possessions, prestige and authority, the villain has received the punishment of which Propp in function 30 speaks about.
The encounter with the goddess is the last test in the way of the hero, consists of the marriage with a princess or a maternal figure, which represents the maturity of the hero and his healthy social adaptation. Since Matilda does not grow and what she desires more than anything is a family or a positive maternal figure, this step can be represented by her legal adoption from Miss Honey. It’s meaningful to notice that in this new family there is no masculine figure. This alternative family model takes us to reflect about the superiority of consanguineous bows against the disinterested love that can come from a "stranger", as well as concepts like "biological family" versus "coexistence societies"
Campbell indicates that probably the hero needs to be saved by natural forces. The hero has lost his ego and something blocks his return, the aid will take him back home. Matilda does not want to return to her house nor original family. His father has been discovered in his misdeeds and all the family must leave the town. The girl wishes to remain with her teacher and she must save Matilda of her ominous family. The girl knows that she is talented, in spite she is able to be humble. We faced the return that conjectures Campbell and Propp also speaks to us of the return to home, since in our history the return is to find a mother, we can consider that Jenny Honey is the one who has the values and characteristics to exert this.
Matilda is the story of the inner exploration, of the legitimate search of respect and a harmonic family; it puts the intellectual values in a superior rank and it does not promise eternal happiness but the possibility of free choice, the journey through knowledge and imagination, reading as a possibility of pleasure. Matilda invites us to think about the rights of these two groups historically marginalized: children and women.
Fiction has always served as model, stories and dreams are the maps with which we construct what we call reality. For me a tale is any resource put in words for delight of our imagination, it is important to take care of what we tell. I belong to those idealists that think that in fact, everything begins as a tale, although soon it assumes the long form of a novel or expresses the tremulous and the ephemeral composition of a poem, the pretext or motto of a life or the inspiration for adventure. A creator dreams, his characters are sudenly alive we share adventures, we share expectations and we follow the path of those dreams.
[1] Free translation of words said by Gubern in a public speech.

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